01 — What it is
The thoracic spine is the least mobile segment of the spine and the least common site of disc problems. It is also where the spinal canal is narrowest, so a herniation here may affect the spinal cord rather than a single nerve root. Thoracic disc surgery is technically demanding and the approach has to be planned around the cord.
02 — Symptoms
- Band-like pain around the chest or abdomen
- Mid-back pain that has not settled
- A change in balance or walking
- Weakness or stiffness in the legs
03 — Causes
- Degeneration and calcification of the thoracic disc
- Trauma
- Abnormal loading from spinal deformity
04 — How it is diagnosed
MRI of the thoracic spine, often with CT to assess whether the herniation is calcified. A calcified disc adherent to the covering of the spinal cord changes how the operation is planned.
05 — Treatment approach
Non-surgical care is appropriate where there are no signs of spinal cord involvement. Where the cord is compressed, decompression is considered, and the approach is chosen so the pathology can be reached without retracting the cord.
General information only. Your own diagnosis and plan depend on your examination and imaging. Nothing here replaces a consultation.
